Gait analysis is basically an observatory treatment. This approach is used to note gross abnormalities in walking. The treatment is necessary for every Perthian because, walking complexity increases with organic pathology, and therefore, objective analysis becomes crucial. The choice of method is based on the clinical need and financial considerations. Typically, the treatment is a combination of motion and force data which are compiled simultaneously. Let’s take a look how any reputed podiatrist in Perth generally performs gait analysis.
Motion
Motion is a crucial aspect in the treatment of gait analysis. It involves examining 3 joints each in 2 limbs. Most of the gait motion occurs in the sagittal plane and subtle rotations. Rotations of the limb are attenuated when the limb is internally or externally rotated.
A calibration system is used to translate film to real-life dimensions. Angular position of each segment may be determined as well. Angular velocity and acceleration of the limb segments are obtained by mathematical differentiation and smoothing of limb position data. Motion data may be combined with analysis of external forces that act on the body.
External forces
Calculation of joint moments (torque) and reaction forces between segments is dependent on the knowledge of the inertial components of the respective segments (kinematics), body segment parameters, and external forces (kinetics) that affect the body.
The magnitude and distribution of segment masses are based on the joint axes obtained from cadaveric data or mathematical modeling of limb segments. The contact force or the ground reaction applied at the distal segment is measured with a force platform. It is a thin plate which measures forces and moments in 3 dimensions at the foot centre of pressure.
Moments and power
Integration of external force, centre of pressure, unique body segment parameters and motion data yields information on the movements of joints, its power and reaction forces between segments using standard inverse dynamics techniques. The role of muscle groups is inferred from the magnitude and sign of the moments and power at the respective lower extremity joints.
Metabolic and mechanical efficiency
Mechanical work is the integral of force and velocity over time and the product of joint power and joint angular velocity. It includes changes in the mechanical energy within the body links, energy expenditure and changes in link’s energy relative to the centre of mass.
These are the simple processes and methods involved in the treatment with gait analysis.
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